Surprising 67% Efficiency in the HLN 10kW Diesel Hydronic Heater

Can a Steel Heat Exchanger Really Beat Aluminum?

You know, when most of us think steel heat exchanger, we think cheap, heavy, inefficient. I thought the same thing—until this test.

Today, I’m putting HLN’s 10kW diesel hydronic heater to the ultimate test to find out if a steel-bodied unit can outperform even the best aluminum models I’ve ever tested. Spoiler: it did. And not by a little—it hit 67% efficiency, the highest I’ve ever seen from any unmodified diesel hydronic heater.

🔧 The Setup

For this test, I wanted to keep everything standardized—same protocol I’ve used on all my previous reviews.

  • Heater: HLN Aquano 10kW hydronic diesel heater

  • Fuel: Standard road diesel

  • Power: 12V DC supply

  • Test Load: 5 gallons of water

  • Instrumentation: digital thermometer, precision fuel scale, and stopwatch

The heater was bench-mounted with its intake muffler and exhaust properly routed. Below, a five-gallon bucket of water acted as the heat sink. I measured both starting and ending temperatures, timed the full burn cycle, and weighed the fuel used before and after.

Once it fired up, I immediately noticed how quiet it was. Even though it’s a steel-bodied heater, it’s got this refined hum—more like a small furnace than the usual chattery diesel unit. The pump is the familiar “clicker” style, but quieter than most, and the brushless fan motor is whisper-smooth.

⚙️ The Control System & Wi-Fi Integration

The HLN’s controller surprised me. It’s not some cheap knock-off LCD—this one has a full-featured interface with a simple power button, day/date display, timer scheduling, and even Wi-Fi connectivity through the My Smart Life app.

From your phone, you can:

  • Turn the heater on/off remotely

  • Set timers for specific times or days

  • Monitor voltage and adjust low-voltage cutoff (factory default: 8.0V)

For anyone running a 12V off-grid setup with limited battery capacity, that’s a huge plus—it prevents your system from deep-cycling your batteries.

🔥 The Test Results

After firing up and reaching stable operation, here’s what happened:

  • Starting temperature: 16.5°C

  • Final temperature: 65°C

  • Elapsed time: 8 minutes, 37 seconds

  • Fuel used: 127.8 grams

When you crunch the numbers, that translates to:

  • Thermal efficiency: 67.1%

  • Power output: 7.43 kW (≈25,000 BTU/hr)

That’s remarkable. For context, my big 30kW steel-bodied heater managed only 32% efficiency, and my top-performing aluminum model landed around 64%. So this compact 10kW unit just beat both.

And this wasn’t some modified setup with an exhaust gas recirculator or intercooler. This was straight out of the box.

🧠 Why It Works: Design Trumps Material

So how does a steel unit out-perform aluminum? Here’s what I found when I tore it down:

  1. Longer Combustion Chamber: The flame has more residence time inside the exchanger, meaning more heat is absorbed before the exhaust exits.

  2. Tight Proximity to Fins: The combustion chamber sits snug against the fin array—no wasted air space, no cold spots.

  3. Triple Fin Density: Compared to the 30kW heater, this has roughly three times as many fins—and they’re shark-tooth shaped for turbulence and greater surface area.

  4. Massive Thermal Mass: The heat exchanger block is thick, heavy, and perfectly machined. That extra mass stores and releases heat steadily, improving consistency.

  5. Smart Software: The onboard controller adjusts air–fuel ratios automatically for efficiency and even compensates for elevation changes.

It’s clear that HLN focused on design precision, not just wattage ratings. The result is a heater that sips fuel, transfers heat efficiently, and maintains temperature with minimal cycling.

🧩 Build Quality and Components

Like all HLN products, this thing oozes quality from the inside out.

  • Brushless fan and pump motors for durability and silence

  • Magnetic steel housing, thick powder coat finish

  • High-quality connectors with O-rings and weather seals

  • Neat wiring harness with labeled plugs and strain reliefs

  • Proper English documentation and actual support contacts

Even the accessories impressed me: a corrugated intake silencer, heavy-duty wiring harness with detachable power plug, rash guards for fuel lines, clamps, heat shrink, and a quiet pump. Everything feels like a kit meant for professional installation.

HLN clearly isn’t cutting corners here. Every fastener was torque-marked by QA staff, and even the inside of the housing looks aerospace-clean.

📊 Efficiency in Context

To put things in perspective:

So despite being steel, the 10kW HLN runs more efficiently than any heater I’ve tested—and at the time of this writing (May 2025), it’s priced at $699 USD, shipped. That’s cheaper than most high-end clones and a fraction of what name-brand hydronic systems like Webasto or Aqua-Hot charge.

🧩 Inside the Heat Exchanger

Here’s what makes this heat exchanger unique:

  • Extra-long combustion tunnel

  • Tight fin spacing and complex geometry

  • Increased fin depth and serrated edges for better air mixing

  • Fins mounted directly against the combustion wall for faster transfer

It’s like comparing a small car radiator to a big turbo intercooler—the mass and density make all the difference.

🛠️ Real-World Usability

This heater feels purpose-built for serious off-grid and mobile applications:

  • Ideal for: buses, vans, RVs, cabins, food trucks

  • Supports radiant floor heat, fan coils, or domestic water via a plate exchanger

  • Can preheat diesel engines or scavenge waste heat during driving

  • Integrates with thermostats or smart controls

If you’re building a hydronic system, pair this heater with:

  • A 17-gallon aluminum heat battery or tank

  • A 12V DC circulation pump (3 GPM)

  • A plate heat exchanger for potable water

  • An expansion tank (~10% of your total system volume)

💬 Transparency & Support

For full disclosure, HLN sent me this heater to test and review. They didn’t pay me, and they have no control over what I say. These are my genuine results and impressions.

If you have technical questions or want to order one:

And if you decide to buy one, use code %JasonHurst for 20% off any HLN product. That affiliate link helps me keep testing these systems and sharing the data honestly.

🧠 Final Thoughts

After testing more heaters than I can count, this one surprised me. The HLN Aquano 10kW has officially changed how I look at steel-bodied heat exchangers.

It’s heavy, overbuilt, quiet, and shockingly efficient.

If you’re designing a hydronic system for your bus, van, or cabin—and you want reliability without paying brand-name prices—this one’s a winner.

I’ll keep it simple: HLN just raised the bar.

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